介護老人保健施設および特別養護老人ホームに入所している高齢者の主観的幸福感の向上 : 文献レビュー

Abstract

【目的】介護老人保健施設および特別養護老人ホームに入所する高齢者（以下、入所高齢者）の主観的幸福感について、その程度、高めるケアの可能性、高めるケアの方法を示す。【方法】医中誌Webを用いて、入所高齢者の主観的幸福感に関して検討された内容を含む原著論文22を分析した。【結果】入所高齢者の改訂PGCモラール・スケールの得点範囲は、9.09±4.12～11.8±3.93であった。また、自宅で生活する高齢者（以下、在宅高齢者）との比較があった研究3件中、1件では、在宅高齢者が有意に高かった。【考察】入所高齢者の主観的幸福感は、在宅高齢者と比べ、低い傾向にある。しかし、安心感や充実した時間の創出により、自宅での生活時と同等に保つことが可能であると考えられる。健康状態や障害、孤独感、心理的変化、役割・自由さを感じられる環境、活動での楽しみの継続、に対するケアが、入所高齢者の主観的幸福感を高めると考えられる。

Purpose: This study examines the degree, the potential for enhanced care, and the methods, for the subjective well-being of the elderly living in healthcare and special elderly nursing facilities. Method: The web version of the Japanese Society for Medical Abstracts was used to search the literature. The selection criteria were original papers that include research on the subjective well-being of the elderly living in such facilities. Overall, 22 articles met the selection criteria. Results: The score range of the revised PGC moral scale for the elderly in these facilities was 9.09 ± 4.12 to 11.8 ± 3.93. In addition, compared to the revised Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale (PGC morale scale) scores for the elderly in these facilities, the ones for those at home were significantly higher in one of the three studies. Discussion: The subjective well being of the elderly living in such facilities tends to be lower than those at home. However, it is thought that this could be maintained at the same level as home by creating a sense of security and a fulfilling time. Care for health conditions and disabilities, loneliness, psychological changes, an environment in which one can experience roles and freedom, and continued enjoyment of activities is thought to enhance the subjective well-being of the elderly living in these facilities.