妊娠期のマイナートラブルやストレス対策としての生活活動(非運動性活動熱産生:NEAT)の重要性

Abstract

妊娠末期の妊婦は家庭で過ごす時聞が多く、運動の推奨よりも日常生活の中で積極的に身体を動かすことが現実的な運動に結びつくと考えられる。妊婦の生活活動量である非運動性活動熱産生(NEAT)について調査を行い、妊娠期のマイナートラブルや不安との関連性を検討した。妊娠末期の正常経過の妊婦へ無記名自記式質問紙調査を行った。NEAT点数が高いとマイナートラブルの尿失禁と便秘の有訴率が有意に低かった。腰痛と立ちくらみの有訴率はNEAT点数とは有意な差が認められなかった。NEAT点数が高いとSTAI状態不安が低かったが、妊娠中の運動習慣による影響の方が大きかった。セルフケア動機付け尺度とNEAT点数の関連では、NEAT点数が高いほど経産婦のセルフケア動機付けの外発的要因が高くなった。便秘と尿失禁を予防・軽減するために生活活動量を増加させることが有効である可能性が示唆された。運動と生活活動を含めた身体活動全体を増やすことで、初産婦の不安が軽減される可能性が示唆された。

Pregnant women spend a lot of time at home during late pregnancy and it may be difficult to exercise. Therefore, recommending moving the body more in everyday liie may increase the amount of physical activity. In this study, we investigated Non-Exercise Activity Thermogenesis (NEAT), which is the amount of daily activity excluding exercise, and examined its relationship with common discomforts and mental stress control during pregnancy. A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted with pregnant women of normal course during late pregnancy. When the NEAT score was high, the incidence of urinary incontinence and minor complaints of constipation were significantly lower. There was no significant difference in the rate of complaints of low back pain and dizziness with NEAT score. Those with high NEAT scores showed significantly lower State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) state anxiety, but this was also influenced by exercise habits during pregnancy. Investigation of the association between the self-care motivational scale and NEAT score showed the extrinsic factor increased as the NEAT score increased in multipara. Increasing the amount of daily activity may be effective in preventing and reducing constipation and urinary incontinence during late pregnancy. Increasing the overall physical activity, including exercise and daily activities, may reduce anxiety in primiparas.